Decoding the auditory corticofugal systems q Jeffery

The status of the organization of the auditory corticofugal systems is summarized. These are among the largest pathways in the brain, with descending connections to auditory and non-auditory thalamic, midbrain, and medullary regions. Auditory corticofugal influence thus reaches sites immediately presynaptic to the cortex, sites remote from the cortex, as in periolivary regions that may have a centrifugal role, and to the cochlear nucleus, which could influence early central events in hearing. Other targets include the striatum (possible premotor functions), the amygdala and central gray (prospective limbic and motivational roles), and the pontine nuclei (for precerebellar control). The size, specificity, laminar origins, and morphologic diversity of auditory corticofugal axons is consonant with an interpretation of multiple roles in parallel descending systems. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0378-5955/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2005.06.014 Abbreviations: AA, amygdala, anterior nucleus; AAF, anterior auditory field; ABm, amygdala, basomedial nucleus; ACe, amygdala, central nucleus; AD, dorsal cochlear nucleus, anterior part; AES, anterior ectosylvian sulcus area; AI, auditory cortex, primary area; AII, auditory cortex, second area; AL, amygdala, lateral nucleus; ALe, ansa lenticularis; AlP, anterolateral periolivary nucleus; Am, amygdala; Ame, amygdala, medial nucleus; Av, anteroventral cochlear nucleus; AvA, anteroventral cochlear nucleus, anterior division; AvS, anteroventral cochlear nucleus, small cell cap; C, caudal; Ca, caudate nucleus; CC, caudal cortex of the inferior colliculus; Cl, claustrum; CG, central gray; CN, central nucleus of the inferior colliculus; Cu, cuneiform nucleus; D, dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body or dorsal; DD, deep dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body; DC, dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus; DCa, caudal dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body; DF, dorsal cochlear nucleus, fusiform cell layer; DI–DIV, cortex of the inferior colliculus, layers I–IV; DL, dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus; DlP, dorsolateral periolivary nucleus; DM, dorsal cochlear nucleus, molecular layer; DmP, dorsomedial periolivary nucleus; DS, dorsal superficial nucleus of the medial geniculate body; DZ, dorsal auditory zone (suprasylvian fringe); EC, external cortex of the inferior colliculus; ED, posterior ectosylvian gyrus, dorsal part; EI, posterior ectosylvian gyrus, intermediate part; En, entopeduncular nucleus; EV, posterior ectosylvian gyrus, ventral part; GP, globus pallidus; ICa, internal capsule; IL, intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus; In, insular cortex; IT, intercollicular tegmentum; La, amygdala, lateral nucleus; LC, lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus; LD, lateral dorsal nucleus; LP, lateral posterior nucleus; LT, lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body; LS, lateral superior olive; M, medial division; MR, mesencephalic reticular formation; MS, medial superior olive; MT, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body; NB, nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus; Ov, pars ovoidea of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body; P, auditory cortex, posterior area; PA, posterior cochlear nucleus, anterior division; Pl, paralemniscal area; PN, pontine nuclei; Pu, putamen; Pul, pulvinar nucleus; Pv, posteroventral cochlear nucleus; PvO, posteroventral cochlear nucleus, octopus cell area; Ro, rostral pole nucleus of the inferior colliculus; RP, rostral pole of the medial geniculate body; Sa, nucleus sagulum; SC, superior colliculus; SL, suprageniculate nucleus, lateral part; SM, suprageniculate nucleus, medial part; SNc, substantia nigra, pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra, pars reticulata; Sp, subparafascicular nucleus; SpN, suprapeduncular nucleus; Te, temporal cortex; TL, lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body; TM, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body; TV, ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body; V, pars lateralis of the ventral division or ventral; Ve, auditory cortex, ventral area; VL, ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus; Vl, ventrolateral nucleus of the medial geniculate body; VmP, ventromedial periolivary nucleus; VP, auditory cortex, ventral posterior area; 35, parahippocampal cortex, area 35; 36, parahippocampal cortex, area 36 DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.heares.2005.06.007. q This is a corrected version of the paper originally published in HEARES Vol. 207, Issue 1–2, September 2005, pp. 1–9. The publisher regrets that the presentation of the original publication was not up to the standards of the journal. * Tel.: +1 510 643 8227; fax: +1 510 643 6791. E-mail address: [email protected]. 2 J.A. Winer / Hearing Research 212 (2006) 1–8